Verified calculation capability

Buck Converter Ripple Calculation Capability

Assumed-CCM buck peak-to-peak inductor ripple ΔI_L,pp and optional capacitor-only ΔV_C,pp (ESR=0). · Electrical · Buck

Capability ID electrical.buck.ripple · version 1.1.0

Open calculator REST API MCP Evidence Evidence JSON CVP Manifest Review policy

Model

Inductor ripple (peak-to-peak)

Inductor ripple (peak-to-peak): ΔI_L,pp = Vout·(1−D)/(f_SW·L)
Capacitor ripple (peak-to-peak, ESR=0): ΔV_C,pp ≈ ΔI_L,pp/(8·f_SW·Cout)
CCM boundary current: I_out,crit = ΔI_L,pp/2

Inputs / Outputs

Canonical symbols for this capability. Agent schemas remain the contract.

Symbol	Quantity	Unit	Role
`Vin`	Input voltage Vin (V)	V	input
`Vout`	Output voltage Vout (V). Must be strictly less than Vin.	V	input
`f`	Switching frequency f_SW (Hz)	Hz	input
`L`	Inductance L (H)	H	input
`C`	Optional output capacitance Cout (F). Omit to report inductor ripple only. If present, must be > 0.	F	input
`D`	Ideal CCM duty cycle D = Vout/Vin (dimensionless). Assumed, not measured.	—	output
`dI_L`	Peak-to-peak inductor current ripple ΔI_L,pp (A). Not RMS, not amplitude, not ±peak.	A	output
`dV_out`	Peak-to-peak output capacitor voltage ripple ΔV_C,pp with ESR neglected (V). Capacitor-only; omitted when C_F is omitted. Not total converter output ripple including ESR.	V	output
`I_ccm_boundary`	CCM boundary load current ΔI_L,pp/2 (A). Ideal CCM requires Iout greater than this value. This calculator does not take Iout and does not certify operating mode.	A	output
`dV_over_Vout`	Capacitive ripple ratio ΔV_C,pp / Vout (dimensionless). Present only when C_F is provided.	—	output
`assumption`	Operating-mode assumption. Not a measured CCM/DCM decision.	—	output

Assumptions / Validity

Declared scope for this capability. Do not use it outside this domain.

Assumptions

Ideal CCM assumed, not measured
ΔI and ΔV are peak-to-peak
ESR=0 for ΔV_C

Not supported

DCM
ESR
measured CCM/DCM detection
current-mode control dynamics

Example

One numerical check. The calculator page holds worked steps and FAQ.

12 V→5 V, 100 kHz, 10 µH, 100 µF → ΔI_L,pp=2.9167 A, ΔV_C,pp=36.46 mV

Open this example in the calculator

Trust

CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance. Computational verification is defined by CVP. Supplemental domain review (internal) and named expert review are defined by the Review policy and do not by themselves determine CVP conformance.

CVP: CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance· View Manifest · CVP overview · Specification
Assurance: Engineering
Declared partition coverage: PASS · 3/3 declared partitions (ccm-with-c, ccm-without-c, invalid-domain)
Calculation version: 1.1.0
Verification: 15/15 calculation tests · 1/1 legacy golden · 10/10 legacy boundary · 4/4 legacy property
Production surface contract: 4/4
Versions: Calculation 1.1.0 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Evidence 2026-09-11.ptp-ccm-c-optional
Verification revision: 2026-09-11.ptp-ccm-c-optional · 4/4 property · digest 332ecf117919
Reference: O1 model · O2 expected_values · O2 numerical_behavior
Interfaces: PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP
ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session.
CVP suite: 2/2 golden · 12/12 CVP boundary · 15/15 invalid · 4/4 property · 4/4 metamorphic · 2/2 cross-interface · 4/4 CVP contract
Supplemental domain review: Internal · Pass · electrical-engineer
Named expert review: Not performed
Version lock: Supported (409 VERSION_MISMATCH)
Artifact consistency: Build verified · 1.1.0 (workspace artifacts agree)
Review-policy tier: Internal engineering review — catalog token expert_verified; supplemental; not CVP status

This calculator CURRENT · Public schema 1.1.0 matches · Semantic contract ✓ · Production attested · Public/cache ✓ · Origin ✓

Call this capability

Human page, REST, and MCP share the same engine and calculation_version. Build verified hashes workspace artifacts only. After deploy, attest:production GETs canonical URLs twice — the public/cached view an Agent actually hits, and origin — including every /capabilities/{id} HTML page. Public Capability HTML version must match catalog before production attestation passes. Live Trust rows above fetch /.well-known/calculatorx-production-attestation.json and the output schema const. Build hashes: release integrity. That proves currently published page / engine / schema / evidence / MCP agree — not that a historical version is independently immutable. Reference Calculation Standard — Production surface contract 4/4.

Tool id: buck-ripple
Engine: buck-ripple
REST: POST /api/v1/calc/buck-ripple
MCP: execute_calculation with capability_id: "electrical.buck.ripple"
Agent input schema: Canonical (MCP / Agent)
Output schema: JSON Schema (latest)
Versioned input schema: Immutable pin (1.1.0)
Versioned output schema: Immutable pin (1.1.0)

References

Human-readable sources plus CVP reference evidence classes.

Sources

Texas Instruments SLVA477B — Basic Calculation of a Buck Converter's Power Stage — Inductor ripple current; output capacitor C_OUT = ΔI_L/(8 f ΔV)
Analog Devices AN-1144 — Measuring Output Ripple and Switching Transients in Switching Regulators — Peak-to-peak ripple, triangular capacitor current, ESR contribution
Erickson / Maksimović — Fundamentals of Power Electronics — CCM buck inductor current ripple and output capacitor ΔV ≈ ΔI/(8fC)

Reference evidence classes: O1 model · O2 expected_values · O2 numerical_behavior

Try with an agent

Inspect this capability via same-origin MCP, then call execute_calculation.

curl -sS -X POST 'https://www.calculatorx.com/mcp' \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -H 'MCP-Protocol-Version: 2026-07-28' \
  -H 'Mcp-Method: tools/call' \
  -H 'Mcp-Name: inspect_capability' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"inspect_capability","arguments":{"capability_id":"electrical.buck.ripple"}}}'

Inspect the trust tier and required assurance level before execution. Pin calculation_version (1.1.0) when reproducibility matters. Full protocol notes: MCP docs.