Electrical calculator

ADC Error Budget Calculator

Combine ADC gain, offset, INL, and DNL errors (RSS or worst-case) into total LSB, volts, and %FS. Runs locally in your browser.

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Instant result

Result

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Enter values to calculate.

Inputs—

Mode—

Formula—

Trust summary CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance · static DC LSB error-budget calculation

Input interpretation: Enter values to calculate.
Result: —
Verified scope: static DC LSB error-budget calculation
Assurance: Engineering
Declared partition coverage: PASS · 6/6 declared partitions (rss, worst_case, zero-error, bit-width-bounds, single-term, invalid-domain) · Matrix
Numerical scope: Static DC LSB/V/%FS error-budget vs independent O2 (same V8, ≤2 ULP on err_LSB, LSB_V, err_V, err_pct_FS, codes). Not measured converter accuracy, not datasheet TUE that omits DNL, not O3.
Known limitations: Core CVP does not include live graph, viewport, or pointer interaction.
Model: Combined ADC DC error in LSB, V, and %FS.
Scope: Gain, offset, INL, and DNL values are already referred to LSB.
Verification: Engine tested · Source checked · v1.0.0 · CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance · static DC LSB error-budget calculation· View Manifest · CVP overview · Specification
Versions: Calculation 1.0.0 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Evidence 2026-09-09.o2-reproduce
Verification revision: 2026-09-09.o2-reproduce · 4/4 property · digest 39673b9b9f33
Legacy regression: 11/11 tests · Production surface contract 4/4
Reference: O1 model · O2 expected_values · O2 numerical_behavior
Interfaces: PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP — ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session. Error-path engine·REST·MCP 4/4 (status, code, calculation_version). SSR compared on URL-canonical requested calculations; empty query is idle (not an error) and JSON-typed object/array inputs are REST/MCP-only. Probes use local Node handlers (query-result, calc API, MCP executeCalculation), not live production HTTP.
Supplemental domain review: Internal · Pass · electrical-engineer
Named expert review: Not performed
CVP suite: 6/6 golden · 6/6 CVP boundary · 5/5 invalid · 4/4 property · 6/6 metamorphic · 6/6 cross-interface · 1/1 CVP contract · Manifest
Sources: IEEE Std 1241 — ADC terminology — Gain, offset, INL, DNL
TI SLAA587 — ADC Performance Parameters — Total unadjusted error (TUE)
Analog Devices — The ABCs of Analog-to-Digital Converters — How ADC errors affect system performance
Sources
Implementation conventions: DNL inclusion — This calculator includes DNL as a separate RSS/worst-case contributor. Some ADC datasheets define TUE using gain, offset, and INL only. Follow the device manufacturer error definitions when available.
Evidence: 3 legacy golden · 6 legacy boundary · legacy regression suite · 6/6 oracle-backed golden · 5/5 invalid · Artifact integrity PASS · CalculatorX electrical review
Semantic contract: PASS

Full verification

Manifest identity, reference classes, interfaces, suite, and production records.

Formulas

Core equations used by this calculator.

LSBLSB = FSR / 2^n

RSSerr = √(g²+o²+INL²+DNL²)

Worst caseerr = |g|+|o|+|INL|+|DNL|

iDoes not include aperture jitter or reference noise unless folded into the LSB terms you enter. Quantization ±½ LSB is separate unless included in DNL/INL. CalculatorX includes DNL as a separate RSS/worst-case contributor; some datasheets define TUE from gain, offset, and INL only.

How to use

Choose RSS or worst-case combining

RSS is an engineering estimate when contributors can reasonably be treated as independent or uncorrelated; it is not a guaranteed worst-case bound. Worst-case sums absolute LSB terms.

Enter bits and full-scale range

n_bits is an integer from 1 to 32. FSR is the total analog input span (not always VREF). LSB = FSR / 2ⁿ.

Enter gain, offset, INL, and DNL errors

Enter each term already referred to LSB. The result shows total error in LSB, volts, and %FS.

Example calculations

Common configurations with formula and result.

12-bit · 3.3 V

gain=1 · offset=0.5 · INL=1 · DNL=0.5 RSS

√(1+0.25+1+0.25)

err≈1.58 LSB

ADC Error Budget calculator specification

Version 1.0.0 · Engine tested · Supplemental domain review · Internal · 2026-09-03

Calculation status

Engine tested 11/11 tests · Production surface contract 4/4
Supplemental domain review Internal · Pass · electrical-engineer · 2026-09-03
Named expert review Not performed
Calculation version 1.0.0

Review policy · Evidence · Reviewed by CalculatorX electrical review (electrical-engineer)

Definition: An ADC error budget folds datasheet errors (gain, offset, INL, DNL) into a total uncertainty in LSB, volts, and percent of full-scale. RSS is an engineering estimate when contributors can reasonably be treated as independent or uncorrelated; it is not a guaranteed worst-case bound. Worst-case sums absolutes.
What it calculates: Combined ADC DC error in LSB, V, and %FS.
Inputs: n_bits (integer 1…32)
FSR_V
gain/offset/INL/DNL in LSB
combine rss|worst_case
Outputs: LSB_V
err_LSB
err_V
err_pct_FS
Formula: LSB=FSR/2^n; err RSS or Σ|·|
Assumptions: Gain, offset, INL, and DNL values are already referred to LSB.
RSS assumes contributors can be treated as independent/uncorrelated.
FSR_V represents the full ADC input span.
CalculatorX includes DNL as a separate RSS/worst-case contributor. Some ADC datasheets define TUE using gain, offset, and INL only.
Units: bit, V, LSB
Boundary conditions: n_bits not an integer → VALUE_MUST_BE_INTEGER
n_bits∉1…32 → VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE
FSR≤0 → VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
combine not rss|worst_case → INVALID_MODE
Example: 12-bit 3.3V · RSS(1,0.5,1,0.5) → ≈1.58 LSB
Validation cases: 1 published on this page · 11/11 tests · Production surface contract 4/4 · View evidence
n=12 FSR=3.3 g=1 o=0.5 inl=1 dnl=0.5 rss → err_LSB≈1.581
Sources: IEEE Std 1241 — ADC terminology — Gain, offset, INL, DNL
Supports: ADC gain / offset / INL / DNL terminology
TI SLAA587 — ADC Performance Parameters — Total unadjusted error (TUE) · accessed 2026-09-03
Supports: RSS Total Unadjusted Error methodology
Analog Devices — The ABCs of Analog-to-Digital Converters — How ADC errors affect system performance · accessed 2026-09-03
Supports: RSS / worst-case error-budget interpretation; INL related to accumulated DNL
Implementation conventions: DNL inclusion — This calculator includes DNL as a separate RSS/worst-case contributor. Some ADC datasheets define TUE using gain, offset, and INL only. Follow the device manufacturer error definitions when available.
Last reviewed: 2026-09-03
Reviewed by: CalculatorX electrical review (electrical-engineer)
Calculation version: 1.0.0

Background

Interpretation and common distinctions.

Build an ADC DC error budget.

Default: 12-bit · 3.3 V · RSS(1, 0.5, 1, 0.5) → ≈1.58 LSB.

CalculatorX convention: This calculator includes DNL as a separate RSS/worst-case contributor. Some ADC datasheets define TUE using gain, offset, and INL only. Follow the device manufacturer error definitions when available.

Supported and not supported

Supported — Gain/offset/INL/DNL combine · API electrical.adc.error_budget

Not supported — Dynamic ENOB from SINAD, jitter models

Agent / API notes

Capability id: electrical.adc.error_budget · tool id: adc-error-budget · pin 1.0.0.

Reproduce pack (O2 oracle, checker, fixed vectors, digest): /evidence/electrical.adc.error_budget/reproduce · reproduce.json

n_bits is an integer in 1…32. Share URLs use combine=rss or combine=worst_case (legacy mode= is accepted only when combine is absent).

Other calculators in this family: ADC SNR / Quantization Calculator, Op-amp Error Budget Calculator, Op-Amp Gain Calculator, Op-amp Noise Calculator . Explore all Analog & Data Conversion.

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Frequently asked questions

Key distinctions behind the calculation.

RSS or worst-case?

RSS is an engineering estimate when contributors can reasonably be treated as independent or uncorrelated. It is not a guaranteed worst-case bound. Worst-case sums absolute LSB terms.

Why is DNL included?

CalculatorX convention: DNL is a separate RSS/worst-case contributor. Some ADC datasheets define TUE using gain, offset, and INL only. Follow the device manufacturer error definitions when available.