Public evidence

electrical.awg_to_mm

Machine-checked verification for calculation version 1.5.0 · tier engine_tested

Open calculator API Capability Download JSON CVP Manifest MCP Review policy

CVP: CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance · AWG geometry & calculation contract· CVP numerical verification covers AWG diameter/area geometry. Copper resistance is a 20 °C IACS material model. Ampacity is an educational code-context reference and is outside CVP golden numeric verification. · Protocol · Schema · Production report

Declared partition coverage: PASS · 5/5 declared partitions (geometry-formula, geometry-standard-nominal, copper-resistance-model, ampacity-reference-integrity, invalid-domain)
Versions: Calculation 1.5.0 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Evidence 2026-09-10.wire-chart-claim-boundary
Verification revision: 2026-09-10.wire-chart-claim-boundary · 5/5 property · digest 42bdfb24710d

Verification

Legacy regression suite: 46/46 calculation tests · Production surface contract 4/4

Three distinct suites: educational examples on the calculator page, this legacy regression count (46/46 golden + boundary), and the CVP verification suite below. They are not the same number. Property, metamorphic, round-trip, O3, and interface statuses/checks are recorded in the CVP Manifest . SKIP (0/0) means that suite has no published vectors.

This calculator CURRENT · Public schema 1.5.0 matches · Semantic contract ✓ · Production attested · Public/cache ✓ · Origin ✓

CVP verification suite

Protocol checks from the Evidence Manifest. Distinct from the legacy regression suite above. Verification revision 2026-09-10.wire-chart-claim-boundary. Calculation version 1.5.0. CVP 1.0.0-proposed. 6/6 golden · 5/5 CVP boundary · 6/6 invalid · 5/5 property · 2/2 cross-interface · 1/1 CVP contract. digest 42bdfb24710d. CVP numerical verification covers AWG diameter/area geometry (unrounded formula + ASTM Table 1 identity). Copper resistance is a 20 °C IACS material model. Ampacity is an educational code-context reference and is outside CVP golden numeric verification.

Golden (oracle-backed) 6 / 6
CVP boundary 5 / 5
Invalid input 6 / 6
Property 5 / 5
Cross-interface 2 / 2
CVP contract 1 / 1
Interfaces PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP
Interface claim ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session. Human URL alias: /calc/wire/wire-gauge-chart?a=12&mode=awg-mm ≡ /calc/wire/awg-to-mm?awg=12&mode=awg-mm ≡ REST awg-to-mm and wire-gauge-chart ≡ MCP electrical.awg_to_mm.
Verified scope AWG geometry & calculation contract
Assurance Engineering

release artifacts aligned PASS
schema valid input executes PASS
engine success output validates schema PASS
schema rejects incomplete input PASS

Fingerprint sha256:912d7468eb9a95fd6550fce600bb84f727602ebc17f16b288e2b8a1c46d87493

Input schema sha256:871fc2ccfe8d3ea3aa8bbd7c74d37445f684f6926de3b69c4be5c80e5034648c · Output schema sha256:602cbe63d52662bc4b179c09784aa891368df1ab86d1592620fdd16166f94682 · Build-time SHA-256 digests prove published artifacts agree with each other (release_integrity.scope=workspace). Production attestation GETs canonical URLs twice (public/cached view and origin), including Capability HTML, via npm run attest:production --write (published at /.well-known/calculatorx-production-attestation.json) and fails if the public Capability page advertises a different calculation_version. This is artifact consistency, not an independent immutable release log.

Build & scope

Engine identity and declared limitations.

Tool: awg-to-mm
Engine: awg
Engine build: 2026-09-10
Evidence core: 2026-09-10T22:48:17.762Z
Rendered: 2026-09-16T22:03:43.709Z
Last reviewed: —

Assumptions

Solid round conductor of the stated AWG; no insulation.
Standard AWG logarithmic definition with d₃₆ = 0.127 mm (ASTM B258-18(2026); 2026 reapproval of B258-18).
Copper resistance uses ρ = 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m at 20 °C (NBS Handbook 100 / 100% IACS annealed copper material model).
Ampacity is an educational NFPA 70–style thermal reference (table-like 310.16); edition not pinned; not jurisdiction-usable; not a branch-circuit/OCPD rating.

Limitations

Solid round conductor geometric model (ASTM B258-18(2026); 2026 reapproval of B258-18)
Primary geometry is unrounded geometric progression (formula_derived); ASTM Table 1 SI nominals are a separate standard_nominal track for integer 4/0–56
Not stranded equivalent area or insulated OD
Copper Ω/km is a 20 °C material model, not AWG geometry
Ampacity is an educational NFPA 70–style thermal reference (table-like 310.16, edition not pinned); copper 14–4/0 include 60/75/90 °C; 16 AWG and finer not tabulated; not jurisdiction-usable and not a branch-circuit rating
CVP numeric goldens cover AWG diameter/area geometry; resistance is a 20 °C IACS material model; ampacity is dataset-integrity only, not NEC compliance
Integer 4/0 (−3) through 56 = standard_range + formula_derived (+ standard_nominal); non-integer n in that span → AWG_NONSTANDARD_GAUGE + formula_interpolation; n outside the span → AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE + formula_extrapolation
Missing/empty awg → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT (empty is not AWG 0 / 1/0)
Unparseable awg → INVALID_NUMBER; field not mm|mm2 → INVALID_MODE

Sources

Standards and references supporting this tool specification. Methods are listed separately — they are algorithms, not bibliographic sources.

ASTM B258-18(2026) — Standard Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical Conductors — Table 1 standard nominal diameters/areas (secondary track: geometry.standard_nominal). 2026 is a reapproval of B258-18; the AWG geometric progression is unchanged.
Supports: Pinned Table 1 SI/inch-pound nominals; primary UI/API value remains the unrounded geometric progression
NBS Handbook 100 — Copper Wire Tables — American Wire Gage geometric progression (No. 0000 = 0.4600 in, No. 36 = 0.0050 in, ratio 92^(1/39)); International Annealed Copper Standard volume resistivity 1.7241 μΩ·cm at 20 °C
Supports: PRIMARY formula track: logarithmic AWG scale with d₃₆ = 0.127 mm; 100% IACS ρ = 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m
100% IACS annealed copper resistivity (20 °C) — Material: annealed copper, 100% IACS; reference temperature 20 °C; ρ = 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (NBS Handbook 100)
Supports: Copper Ω/km from area; IACS conductivity definition. Material-model reference, not ASTM B258 geometry.
NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; edition not pinned) — Table-like 310.16 family: copper, not more than three current-carrying conductors, no ambient or bundling correction
Supports: Educational thermal reference only; not an adopted NFPA 70 edition or jurisdiction table; not a branch-circuit/OCPD rating
NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811) — Millimetre as SI length unit
Supports: Diameter in mm; area in mm²

Legacy published checks

Golden and boundary cases from the legacy Evidence JSON. CVP property, metamorphic, round-trip, O3, and interface statuses/checks are recorded in the Manifest — including SKIP when a suite has no vectors.

ID	Kind	Status	Detail
`awg-neg3-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 11.684 · Actual value=11.684 · unit=mm · gauge=4/0 · gauge_n=-3
`awg-12-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 2.0525 · Actual value=2.0525253884939474 · unit=mm · gauge=12 · gauge_n=12
`awg-12-mm2`	golden	pass	Expected 3.3088 · Actual value=3.308772876111475 · unit=mm² · gauge=12 · gauge_n=12
`awg-4-0-token-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 11.684 · Actual value=11.684 · unit=mm · gauge=4/0 · gauge_n=-3
`awg-18-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 1.0237 · Actual value=1.0236873428326523 · unit=mm · gauge=18 · gauge_n=18
`awg-18-mm2`	golden	pass	Expected 0.823 · Actual value=0.8230468337313146 · unit=mm² · gauge=18 · gauge_n=18
`awg-36-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 0.127 · Actual value=0.127 · unit=mm · gauge=36 · gauge_n=36
`awg-36-mm2`	golden	pass	Expected 0.0127 · Actual value=0.012667686977437443 · unit=mm² · gauge=36 · gauge_n=36
`awg-0-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 8.2515 · Actual value=8.251462802171464 · unit=mm · gauge=1/0 · gauge_n=0
`awg-10-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 2.5882 · Actual value=2.588186728012863 · unit=mm · gauge=10 · gauge_n=10
`awg-40-mm`	golden	pass	Expected 0.0799 · Actual value=0.07987108513234509 · unit=mm · gauge=40 · gauge_n=40
`awg-10-mm2`	golden	pass	Expected 5.2612 · Actual value=5.261154954510371 · unit=mm² · gauge=10 · gauge_n=10
`awg-alias-a`	golden	pass	Expected 2.0525 · Actual value=2.0525253884939474 · unit=mm · gauge=12 · gauge_n=12
`awg-missing`	boundary	pass	Expected MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT · Actual MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT
`awg-empty`	boundary	pass	Expected MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT · Actual MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT
`awg-nan`	boundary	pass	Expected INVALID_NUMBER · Actual INVALID_NUMBER
`awg-invalid-field`	boundary	pass	Expected INVALID_MODE · Actual INVALID_MODE
`boundary-awg-1-0-token`	boundary	pass	Expected 8.2515 · Actual value=8.251462802171464 · unit=mm · gauge=1/0 · gauge_n=0
`boundary-awg-12-5-finite`	boundary	pass	Expected 1.937 · Actual value=1.9369203889327382 · unit=mm · gauge=12.5 · gauge_n=12.5
`property-deterministic`	property	pass	same AWG → same diameter
`property-thicker-lower-awg`	property	pass	AWG10 diameter > AWG12
`property-area-from-diameter`	property	pass	mm² = πd²/4
`property-anchor-36`	property	pass	AWG36 = 0.127 mm
`property-thinner-higher-awg`	property	pass	AWG18 < AWG12
`property-alias-a`	property	pass	legacy a ≡ awg
`property-awg0-not-empty`	property	pass	AWG 0 (1/0) ≈ 8.25 mm
`property-aught-4-0`	property	pass	"4/0" ≡ −3
`property-aught-1-0`	property	pass	"1/0" ≡ 0
`property-adjacent-diameter-ratio`	property	pass	d_n / d_{n+1} = 92^(1/39)
`property-area-ratio-minus-3`	property	pass	A_n / A_{n+3} ≈ 2
`property-geometry-assurance`	property	pass	geometry formula vs ASTM Table 1 vs copper resistance assurance layers
`property-ampacity-assurance`	property	pass	ampacity assurance = code_context_required
`property-ampacity-12`	property	pass	AWG 12 Cu thermal reference 20/25/30 A
`property-ampacity-table-integrity`	property	pass	AWG 14–4/0 Cu thermal reference table matches pinned 60/75/90 dataset
`property-ampacity-18-not-tabulated`	property	pass	AWG 18 has no 310.16-style ampacity row
`property-iacs-resistivity`	property	pass	copper resistivity is NBS Handbook 100 IACS 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m
`property-ampacity-provenance`	property	pass	ampacity provenance is educational NFPA 70 family, edition not pinned
`property-extrapolation-warn`	property	pass	AWG 100 → formula_extrapolation + AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE
`property-extrapolation-assurance`	property	pass	AWG 100 geometry.assurance is formula_extrapolation without Table 1 nominal
`property-nonstandard-gauge`	property	pass	AWG 12.5 → nonstandard_gauge interpolation, not outside-range
`property-interpolation-assurance`	property	pass	AWG 12.5 geometry.assurance is formula_interpolation
`property-geom-edition`	property	pass	geometry source edition is ASTM B258-18(2026) reapproval (formula basis)
`property-standard-nominal-12`	property	pass	AWG 12 formula ≠ Table 1 SI nominal (2.0525… vs 2.052 mm)
`property-standard-nominal-4-0`	property	pass	AWG 4/0 Table 1 SI nominal 11.68 mm / 107.2 mm²
`property-interpolation-no-nominal`	property	pass	AWG 12.5 has no ASTM Table 1 standard_nominal
`property-monotonic-grid`	property	pass	diameter decreases as AWG increases (−3…36)