{ "capability_id": "electrical.awg_to_mm", "tool_id": "awg-to-mm", "engine": "awg", "calculation_version": "1.5.0", "generated_at": "2026-09-16T22:03:43.709Z", "engine_build": "2026-09-10", "test_count": 46, "passed": 46, "failed": 0, "tests_summary": { "golden": { "total": 13, "passed": 13 }, "boundary": { "total": 6, "passed": 6 }, "property": { "total": 27, "passed": 27 } }, "engine_tested": true, "expert_reviewed": false, "internally_reviewed": false, "review_kind": null, "source_checked": true, "reviewed_by": null, "reviewer_role": null, "last_reviewed": null, "expert_review": { "status": "optional_not_performed", "reviewer": null, "scope": [ "formula", "input semantics", "assumptions", "limitations", "sources", "tests" ], "note": "Domain expert review is optional under CVP (CVP-EXP-01). Absence does not block CVP Verified. See Review policy for supplemental domain assurance." }, "internal_review": { "status": "not_applicable", "reviewer": null }, "page": "https://www.calculatorx.com/calc/wire/awg-to-mm", "api": "https://www.calculatorx.com/api/v1/calc/awg-to-mm", "schema_input": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.awg_to_mm.input.json", "schema_output": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.awg_to_mm.output.json", "assumptions": [ "Solid round conductor of the stated AWG; no insulation.", "Standard AWG logarithmic definition with d₃₆ = 0.127 mm (ASTM B258-18(2026); 2026 reapproval of B258-18).", "Copper resistance uses ρ = 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m at 20 °C (NBS Handbook 100 / 100% IACS annealed copper material model).", "Ampacity is an educational NFPA 70–style thermal reference (table-like 310.16); edition not pinned; not jurisdiction-usable; not a branch-circuit/OCPD rating." ], "limitations": [ "Solid round conductor geometric model (ASTM B258-18(2026); 2026 reapproval of B258-18)", "Primary geometry is unrounded geometric progression (formula_derived); ASTM Table 1 SI nominals are a separate standard_nominal track for integer 4/0–56", "Not stranded equivalent area or insulated OD", "Copper Ω/km is a 20 °C material model, not AWG geometry", "Ampacity is an educational NFPA 70–style thermal reference (table-like 310.16, edition not pinned); copper 14–4/0 include 60/75/90 °C; 16 AWG and finer not tabulated; not jurisdiction-usable and not a branch-circuit rating", "CVP numeric goldens cover AWG diameter/area geometry; resistance is a 20 °C IACS material model; ampacity is dataset-integrity only, not NEC compliance", "Integer 4/0 (−3) through 56 = standard_range + formula_derived (+ standard_nominal); non-integer n in that span → AWG_NONSTANDARD_GAUGE + formula_interpolation; n outside the span → AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE + formula_extrapolation", "Missing/empty awg → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT (empty is not AWG 0 / 1/0)", "Unparseable awg → INVALID_NUMBER; field not mm|mm2 → INVALID_MODE" ], "boundary_conditions": [ "Missing/empty awg → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT (not coerced to AWG 0)", "Unparseable awg → INVALID_NUMBER", "field not mm|mm2 → INVALID_MODE", "Integer 4/0 (−3) through 56 = standard_range + formula_derived (+ geometry.standard_nominal); non-integer n in that span → AWG_NONSTANDARD_GAUGE + formula_interpolation; n outside the span → AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE + formula_extrapolation", "Lower AWG number → thicker diameter (monotonic)", "field=mm → primary diameter; field=mm2 → πd²/4 area (same geometry). UI/share `mode=awg-mm|awg-mm2` maps to field.", "Solid round conductor only — not stranded equivalent" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ASTM B258-18(2026) — Standard Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical Conductors", "section": "Table 1 standard nominal diameters/areas (secondary track: geometry.standard_nominal). 2026 is a reapproval of B258-18; the AWG geometric progression is unchanged.", "url": "https://www.astm.org/b0258-18r26.html", "supports": "Pinned Table 1 SI/inch-pound nominals; primary UI/API value remains the unrounded geometric progression", "kind": "standard" }, { "title": "NBS Handbook 100 — Copper Wire Tables", "section": "American Wire Gage geometric progression (No. 0000 = 0.4600 in, No. 36 = 0.0050 in, ratio 92^(1/39)); International Annealed Copper Standard volume resistivity 1.7241 μΩ·cm at 20 °C", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/hb/nbshandbook100.pdf", "supports": "PRIMARY formula track: logarithmic AWG scale with d₃₆ = 0.127 mm; 100% IACS ρ = 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m", "kind": "reference" }, { "title": "100% IACS annealed copper resistivity (20 °C)", "section": "Material: annealed copper, 100% IACS; reference temperature 20 °C; ρ = 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (NBS Handbook 100)", "supports": "Copper Ω/km from area; IACS conductivity definition. Material-model reference, not ASTM B258 geometry.", "kind": "reference" }, { "title": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; edition not pinned)", "section": "Table-like 310.16 family: copper, not more than three current-carrying conductors, no ambient or bundling correction", "supports": "Educational thermal reference only; not an adopted NFPA 70 edition or jurisdiction table; not a branch-circuit/OCPD rating", "kind": "reference" }, { "title": "NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811)", "section": "Millimetre as SI length unit", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811", "supports": "Diameter in mm; area in mm²", "kind": "reference" } ], "methods": [], "fingerprint": "sha256:912d7468eb9a95fd6550fce600bb84f727602ebc17f16b288e2b8a1c46d87493", "tests": [ { "id": "awg-neg3-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": -3, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 11.684, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 11.684, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "4/0", "gauge_n": -3, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 11.684, "area_mm2": 107.2193025770305, "area_kcmil": 211.6, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 11.684, "area_mm2": 107.2193025770305, "area_kcmil": 211.6, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 11.68, "area_mm2": 107.2, "diameter_mil": 460, "area_cmil": 211600, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 0.1608012697864118, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 0.04901222703089832, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 195, "75C_A": 230, "90C_A": 260, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-12-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 12, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 2.0525, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 2.0525253884939474, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "12", "gauge_n": 12, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 2.0525253884939474, "area_mm2": 3.308772876111475, "area_kcmil": 6.529946789032534, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 2.0525253884939474, "area_mm2": 3.308772876111475, "area_kcmil": 6.529946789032534, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 2.052, "area_mm2": 3.308, "diameter_mil": 80.8, "area_cmil": 6530, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 5.210693101504721, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 1.5882192573386391, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 20, "75C_A": 25, "90C_A": 30, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-12-mm2", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 12, "field": "mm2" }, "expect": 3.3088, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 3.308772876111475, "unit": "mm²", "gauge": "12", "gauge_n": 12, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 2.0525253884939474, "area_mm2": 3.308772876111475, "area_kcmil": 6.529946789032534, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 2.0525253884939474, "area_mm2": 3.308772876111475, "area_kcmil": 6.529946789032534, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 2.052, "area_mm2": 3.308, "diameter_mil": 80.8, "area_cmil": 6530, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 5.210693101504721, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 1.5882192573386391, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 20, "75C_A": 25, "90C_A": 30, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.01 }, { "id": "awg-4-0-token-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": "4/0", "field": "mm" }, "expect": 11.684, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 11.684, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "4/0", "gauge_n": -3, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 11.684, "area_mm2": 107.2193025770305, "area_kcmil": 211.6, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 11.684, "area_mm2": 107.2193025770305, "area_kcmil": 211.6, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 11.68, "area_mm2": 107.2, "diameter_mil": 460, "area_cmil": 211600, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 0.1608012697864118, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 0.04901222703089832, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 195, "75C_A": 230, "90C_A": 260, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-18-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 18, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 1.0237, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 1.0236873428326523, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "18", "gauge_n": 18, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 1.0236873428326523, "area_mm2": 0.8230468337313146, "area_kcmil": 1.6243037012148553, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 1.0236873428326523, "area_mm2": 0.8230468337313146, "area_kcmil": 1.6243037012148553, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 1.024, "area_mm2": 0.823, "diameter_mil": 40.3, "area_cmil": 1620, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 20.947775136728563, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 6.384881861674867, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": null } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-18-mm2", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 18, "field": "mm2" }, "expect": 0.823, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 0.8230468337313146, "unit": "mm²", "gauge": "18", "gauge_n": 18, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 1.0236873428326523, "area_mm2": 0.8230468337313146, "area_kcmil": 1.6243037012148553, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 1.0236873428326523, "area_mm2": 0.8230468337313146, "area_kcmil": 1.6243037012148553, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 1.024, "area_mm2": 0.823, "diameter_mil": 40.3, "area_cmil": 1620, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 20.947775136728563, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 6.384881861674867, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": null } }, "tol": 0.01 }, { "id": "awg-36-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 36, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 0.127, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 0.127, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "36", "gauge_n": 36, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 0.127, "area_mm2": 0.012667686977437443, "area_kcmil": 0.025, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 0.127, "area_mm2": 0.012667686977437443, "area_kcmil": 0.025, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 0.127, "area_mm2": 0.0127, "diameter_mil": 5, "area_cmil": 25, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 1361.0219474721894, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 414.83948958952334, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": null } }, "tol": 0.0005 }, { "id": "awg-36-mm2", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 36, "field": "mm2" }, "expect": 0.0127, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 0.012667686977437443, "unit": "mm²", "gauge": "36", "gauge_n": 36, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 0.127, "area_mm2": 0.012667686977437443, "area_kcmil": 0.025, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 0.127, "area_mm2": 0.012667686977437443, "area_kcmil": 0.025, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 0.127, "area_mm2": 0.0127, "diameter_mil": 5, "area_cmil": 25, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 1361.0219474721894, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 414.83948958952334, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": null } }, "tol": 0.0005 }, { "id": "awg-0-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 0, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 8.2515, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 8.251462802171464, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "1/0", "gauge_n": 0, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 8.251462802171464, "area_mm2": 53.47512073211765, "area_kcmil": 105.5345005512111, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 8.251462802171464, "area_mm2": 53.47512073211765, "area_kcmil": 105.5345005512111, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 8.252, "area_mm2": 53.49, "diameter_mil": 324.9, "area_cmil": 105600, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 0.32241161429757925, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 0.09827106003790216, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 125, "75C_A": 150, "90C_A": 170, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-10-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 10, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 2.5882, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 2.588186728012863, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "10", "gauge_n": 10, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 2.588186728012863, "area_mm2": 5.261154954510371, "area_kcmil": 10.383022101590196, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 2.588186728012863, "area_mm2": 5.261154954510371, "area_kcmil": 10.383022101590196, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 2.588, "area_mm2": 5.261, "diameter_mil": 101.9, "area_cmil": 10380, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 3.2770371047937576, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 0.9988409095411374, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 30, "75C_A": 35, "90C_A": 40, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-40-mm", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 40, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 0.0799, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 0.07987108513234509, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "40", "gauge_n": 40, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 0.07987108513234509, "area_mm2": 0.005010361378263072, "area_kcmil": 0.009888074648487686, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 0.07987108513234509, "area_mm2": 0.005010361378263072, "area_kcmil": 0.009888074648487686, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 0.0787, "area_mm2": 0.00487, "diameter_mil": 3.1, "area_cmil": 9.61, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 3441.069156168709, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 1048.8378788002226, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": null } }, "tol": 0.001 }, { "id": "awg-10-mm2", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "awg": 10, "field": "mm2" }, "expect": 5.2612, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 5.261154954510371, "unit": "mm²", "gauge": "10", "gauge_n": 10, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 2.588186728012863, "area_mm2": 5.261154954510371, "area_kcmil": 10.383022101590196, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 2.588186728012863, "area_mm2": 5.261154954510371, "area_kcmil": 10.383022101590196, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 2.588, "area_mm2": 5.261, "diameter_mil": 101.9, "area_cmil": 10380, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 3.2770371047937576, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 0.9988409095411374, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 30, "75C_A": 35, "90C_A": 40, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.01 }, { "id": "awg-alias-a", "ok": true, "kind": "golden", "inputs": { "a": 12, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 2.0525, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 2.0525253884939474, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "12", "gauge_n": 12, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 2.0525253884939474, "area_mm2": 3.308772876111475, "area_kcmil": 6.529946789032534, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 2.0525253884939474, "area_mm2": 3.308772876111475, "area_kcmil": 6.529946789032534, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 2.052, "area_mm2": 3.308, "diameter_mil": 80.8, "area_cmil": 6530, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 5.210693101504721, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 1.5882192573386391, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 20, "75C_A": 25, "90C_A": 30, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "awg-missing", "ok": true, "kind": "boundary", "inputs": { "field": "mm" }, "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT", "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT", "error": "awg is required" }, { "id": "awg-empty", "ok": true, "kind": "boundary", "inputs": { "awg": "", "field": "mm" }, "expectError": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT", "code": "MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT", "error": "awg is required" }, { "id": "awg-nan", "ok": true, "kind": "boundary", "inputs": { "awg": "n/a", "field": "mm" }, "expectError": "INVALID_NUMBER", "code": "INVALID_NUMBER", "error": "awg must be a finite number or token such as 12, 1/0, 4/0" }, { "id": "awg-invalid-field", "ok": true, "kind": "boundary", "inputs": { "awg": 12, "field": "inch" }, "expectError": "INVALID_MODE", "code": "INVALID_MODE", "error": "field must be \"mm\" or \"mm2\"" }, { "id": "boundary-awg-1-0-token", "ok": true, "kind": "boundary", "inputs": { "awg": "1/0", "field": "mm" }, "expect": 8.2515, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 8.251462802171464, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "1/0", "gauge_n": 0, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 8.251462802171464, "area_mm2": 53.47512073211765, "area_kcmil": 105.5345005512111, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_derived", "range": "standard_range", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 8.251462802171464, "area_mm2": 53.47512073211765, "area_kcmil": 105.5345005512111, "assurance": "formula_derived" }, "standard_nominal": { "diameter_mm": 8.252, "area_mm2": 53.49, "diameter_mil": 324.9, "area_cmil": 105600, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) Table 1", "dataset_id": "astm_b258_table1_si_v1", "table": "1", "assurance": "standard_nominal" } }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 0.32241161429757925, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 0.09827106003790216, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": { "60C_A": 125, "75C_A": 150, "90C_A": 170, "basis": "NFPA 70–style copper ampacity (educational; code edition not pinned)", "assurance": "code_context_required", "code_context_required": true, "educational_reference": true, "code_edition_not_pinned": true, "jurisdiction_usable": false, "source_family": "NFPA_70", "table_like": "310.16", "edition": null, "material": "copper", "condition": { "current_carrying_conductors": "not_more_than_three", "ambient_correction": false, "bundling_adjustment": false, "wiring_method": "not_specified", "termination_temperature": "not_specified" }, "note": "Thermal ampacity reference ≠ permitted branch-circuit rating. Educational NFPA 70–style values (table-like 310.16); not an adopted code edition and not jurisdiction-usable. No ambient or bundling derating. Confirm conductor type, termination temperature, and local code (NEC 240.4(D) often limits 14/12/10 AWG copper OCPD to 15/20/30 A)." } } }, "tol": 0.002 }, { "id": "boundary-awg-12-5-finite", "ok": true, "kind": "boundary", "inputs": { "awg": 12.5, "field": "mm" }, "expect": 1.937, "expectWarning": null, "actual": { "value": 1.9369203889327382, "unit": "mm", "gauge": "12.5", "gauge_n": 12.5, "geometry": { "diameter_mm": 1.9369203889327382, "area_mm2": 2.9465473394825366, "area_kcmil": 5.815085549419292, "basis": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)", "standard": "ASTM B258", "edition": "18(2026)", "edition_kind": "reapproval", "assurance": "formula_interpolation", "range": "nonstandard_gauge", "formula": { "diameter_mm": 1.9369203889327382, "area_mm2": 2.9465473394825366, "area_kcmil": 5.815085549419292, "assurance": "formula_interpolation" }, "standard_nominal": null }, "electrical": { "material": "copper", "temperature_C": 20, "resistance_ohm_per_km": 5.851255049928303, "resistance_ohm_per_1000_ft": 1.783462539218147, "resistivity_ohm_m": 1.7241e-8, "assurance": "material_model" }, "references": { "ampacity": null }, "warnings": [ { "code": "AWG_NONSTANDARD_GAUGE", "severity": "warning", "detail": "AWG 12.5 is not a standard integer gauge. The ASTM B258 geometric formula still returns a finite interpolated diameter; it is not a tabulated AWG size.", "suggestion": "Use an integer AWG from 4/0 (−3) through 56 for ASTM Table 1 standard nominals. Treat non-integer n inside that span as interpolation between gauges, not a standard size." } ] }, "tol": 0.05 }, { "id": "property-deterministic", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "same AWG → same diameter", "expect": 2.0525253884939474, "actual": 2.0525253884939474 }, { "id": "property-thicker-lower-awg", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG10 diameter > AWG12", "expect": true, "actual": true }, { "id": "property-area-from-diameter", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "mm² = πd²/4", "expect": 3.308772876111475, "actual": 3.308772876111475 }, { "id": "property-anchor-36", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG36 = 0.127 mm", "expect": 0.127, "actual": 0.127 }, { "id": "property-thinner-higher-awg", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG18 < AWG12", "expect": true, "actual": true }, { "id": "property-alias-a", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "legacy a ≡ awg", "expect": 2.0525253884939474, "actual": 2.0525253884939474 }, { "id": "property-awg0-not-empty", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 0 (1/0) ≈ 8.25 mm", "expect": 8.2515, "actual": 8.251462802171464 }, { "id": "property-aught-4-0", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "\"4/0\" ≡ −3", "expect": 11.684, "actual": 11.684 }, { "id": "property-aught-1-0", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "\"1/0\" ≡ 0", "expect": 8.251462802171464, "actual": 8.251462802171464 }, { "id": "property-adjacent-diameter-ratio", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "d_n / d_{n+1} = 92^(1/39)", "expect": 1.1229321965322814, "actual": 1.1229321965322816 }, { "id": "property-area-ratio-minus-3", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "A_n / A_{n+3} ≈ 2", "expect": 2, "actual": 2.0050315195012485 }, { "id": "property-geometry-assurance", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "geometry formula vs ASTM Table 1 vs copper resistance assurance layers", "expect": "formula_derived+standard_nominal+material_model", "actual": "formula_derived+standard_nominal+material_model" }, { "id": "property-ampacity-assurance", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "ampacity assurance = code_context_required", "expect": "code_context_required", "actual": "code_context_required" }, { "id": "property-ampacity-12", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 12 Cu thermal reference 20/25/30 A", "expect": "20/25/30", "actual": "20/25/30" }, { "id": "property-ampacity-table-integrity", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 14–4/0 Cu thermal reference table matches pinned 60/75/90 dataset", "expect": "14 rows match", "actual": "14 rows match" }, { "id": "property-ampacity-18-not-tabulated", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 18 has no 310.16-style ampacity row", "expect": null, "actual": null }, { "id": "property-iacs-resistivity", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "copper resistivity is NBS Handbook 100 IACS 1.7241×10⁻⁸ Ω·m", "expect": 1.7241e-8, "actual": 1.7241e-8 }, { "id": "property-ampacity-provenance", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "ampacity provenance is educational NFPA 70 family, edition not pinned", "expect": "NFPA_70/310.16/unpinned", "actual": "NFPA_70/310.16/unpinned" }, { "id": "property-extrapolation-warn", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 100 → formula_extrapolation + AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE", "expect": "formula_extrapolation/AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE", "actual": "formula_extrapolation/AWG_OUTSIDE_STANDARD_RANGE" }, { "id": "property-extrapolation-assurance", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 100 geometry.assurance is formula_extrapolation without Table 1 nominal", "expect": "formula_extrapolation", "actual": "formula_extrapolation" }, { "id": "property-nonstandard-gauge", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 12.5 → nonstandard_gauge interpolation, not outside-range", "expect": "nonstandard_gauge/AWG_NONSTANDARD_GAUGE", "actual": "nonstandard_gauge/AWG_NONSTANDARD_GAUGE" }, { "id": "property-interpolation-assurance", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 12.5 geometry.assurance is formula_interpolation", "expect": "formula_interpolation", "actual": "formula_interpolation" }, { "id": "property-geom-edition", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "geometry source edition is ASTM B258-18(2026) reapproval (formula basis)", "expect": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)/reapproval", "actual": "ASTM B258-18(2026) geometric progression (unrounded)/reapproval" }, { "id": "property-standard-nominal-12", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 12 formula ≠ Table 1 SI nominal (2.0525… vs 2.052 mm)", "expect": "formula≈2.0525 / table=2.052", "actual": "2.0525253884939474/2.052" }, { "id": "property-standard-nominal-4-0", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 4/0 Table 1 SI nominal 11.68 mm / 107.2 mm²", "expect": "11.68/107.2", "actual": "11.68/107.2" }, { "id": "property-interpolation-no-nominal", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "AWG 12.5 has no ASTM Table 1 standard_nominal", "expect": null, "actual": null }, { "id": "property-monotonic-grid", "ok": true, "kind": "property", "detail": "diameter decreases as AWG increases (−3…36)", "expect": true, "actual": true } ], "tier": "engine_tested", "verification": { "tests": { "passed": 46, "total": 46, "golden": 13, "boundary": 6, "property": 27 }, "contract_checks": { "passed": 4, "total": 4 } }, "evidence_core_generated_at": "2026-09-10T22:48:17.762Z", "rendered_at": "2026-09-16T22:03:43.709Z", "release_integrity": { "status": "verified", "scope": "workspace", "production_attestation_required": true, "calculation_version": "1.5.0", "artifacts": { "engine": "1.5.0", "page": "1.5.0", "capability": "1.5.0", "evidence": "1.5.0", "input_schema": "1.5.0", "output_schema": "1.5.0", "mcp_contract": "1.5.0" }, "digests": { "input_schema_sha256": "871fc2ccfe8d3ea3aa8bbd7c74d37445f684f6926de3b69c4be5c80e5034648c", "output_schema_sha256": "602cbe63d52662bc4b179c09784aa891368df1ab86d1592620fdd16166f94682", "evidence_sha256": "8f7dab119983c68793eb2f0216d610b864f4b7c3325a06edd9a57075f3ef3025", "evidence_core_sha256": "8f7dab119983c68793eb2f0216d610b864f4b7c3325a06edd9a57075f3ef3025", "capability_sha256": "52e3b8da84db0f669219089fa6a10a3f809f520c92cf2fc814e033bbb44b6575", "engine_sha256": "c8d4ccdbfeaf61d7b024d4e1babb0c2ba3b324c1b37bd0cb456a526d8d2b1bd1", "mcp_contract_sha256": "863098b311a7b17dc4b229a6302b90b3545b175f716e5d84772c7be8e9716b86" }, "contract_checks": { "total": 4, "passed": 4, "failed": 0, "items": [ { "id": "release-artifacts-aligned", "status": "pass", "detail": "1.5.0" }, { "id": "schema-valid-input-executes", "status": "pass" }, { "id": "engine-success-output-validates-schema", "status": "pass" }, { "id": "schema-rejects-incomplete-input", "status": "pass" } ] }, "report": "https://www.calculatorx.com/.well-known/calculatorx-release-integrity.json" } }