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ASCII copyright symbol ©

The copyright symbol © is ASCII/Unicode code 169. Decimal, hex, HTML entities, Alt codes, and how to type © on Windows, Mac, and HTML.

Copyright symbol © code specification

Version 1.0.0 · Last reviewed 2026-07-28

Definition
The copyright symbol © is Unicode U+00A9 (decimal 169), also available as HTML © and Windows Alt+0169.
What it calculates
Documents decimal, hex, Unicode, HTML, and Alt-code forms of the copyright symbol © (U+00A9 / 169).
Inputs
  • Reference lookup for the © copyright symbol
Outputs
  • Decimal 169 · hex 0xA9 · binary 10101001
  • Unicode U+00A9 · HTML © / ©
  • Windows Alt+0169 · Mac Option+G
Formula
© = U+00A9 = 169 = 0xA9; HTML © or ©

The copyright symbol © indicates exclusive rights to a creative work. In extended ASCII and Unicode, © is code point 169 (hex A9).

Character codes for ©

Property Value
Symbol ©
Decimal code 169
Hex code A9
Binary code 10101001
Unicode U+00A9
Escape sequence \xA9
HTML named entity ©
HTML numeric entity ©

How to type ©

Platform Method
Windows Alt+0169 (numeric keypad)
Mac Option + G
HTML © or ©
Unicode input (Linux) Ctrl+Shift+U, then 00A9, Enter
C/C++ source \xA9 or \251

Related symbols

Symbol Code HTML Meaning
© 169 © Copyright
® 174 ® Registered trademark
™ 8482 ™ Trademark

FAQ

What is the ASCII code for copyright?

Decimal 169, hex 0xA9. It is in the extended ASCII / Latin-1 range (128–255), not the basic 7-bit ASCII set.

Does © automatically protect my work?

No. The symbol indicates a copyright claim; legal protection depends on jurisdiction and registration requirements.

What is the difference between © and (c)?

© is the official symbol (U+00A9). (c) or (C) is a text alternative when the symbol is unavailable.

How do I add © in HTML?

Use © or the numeric entity ©.

Is © the same in ASCII and Unicode?

Unicode code point U+00A9 is the same character as extended ASCII 169 / Windows-1252 0xA9.

Assumptions
  • © is Latin-1 / Unicode U+00A9; it is not in 7-bit ASCII (0–127).
  • Windows typing uses Alt+0169 on the numeric keypad.
  • Reference page; values follow Unicode / HTML entity tables.
Units
  • Dec: integer
  • Hex: two hex digits
  • Unicode: U+nnnn
Boundary conditions
  • Not available in 7-bit ASCII; requires Latin-1, Windows-1252, or Unicode.
  • Alt codes require a numeric keypad (Num Lock on).
Example
© → 169 / 0xA9 / U+00A9 / ©
Validation cases
  • © → 169 / 0xA9 / U+00A9
  • HTML named → ©
  • Windows Alt → Alt+0169
Sources
  • Unicode U+00A9 COPYRIGHT SIGN
  • HTML living standard named character ©
  • Windows-1252 / Latin-1 code 169
Last reviewed
2026-07-28
Calculation version
1.0.0
→ ASCII Table › → ALT codes › → Unicode characters ›