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Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Compute Wheatstone bridge output voltage and balance from Vin and four resistors. Runs locally in your browser.

Instant result
Result
—

Enter values to calculate.

Inputs—
Mode—
Formula—
Trust summary CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance
Input interpretation
Enter values to calculate.
Result
—
Assurance
Engineering
Declared partition coverage
PASS · 3/3 declared partitions (balanced, unbalanced, invalid-domain) · Matrix
Known limitations
  • Unloaded midpoints; no gauge-factor conversion
  • Core CVP does not include live graph, viewport, or pointer interaction.
Model
Wheatstone bridge Vout, node voltages, and balance flag.
Scope
Ideal unloaded bridge
Verification
Engine tested · Source checked · v1.0.0 · CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance· View Manifest · CVP overview · Specification
Versions
Calculation 1.0.0 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed
CVP identity
2/2 property · digest 6cd8ba54befd
Legacy regression
6/6 tests · Production surface contract 4/4
Reference
O1 model · O2 expected_values · O2 numerical_behavior
Interfaces
PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP — ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session.
Supplemental domain review
Internal · Pass · electrical-engineer
Named expert review
Not performed
CVP suite
2/2 golden · 2/2 CVP boundary · 2/2 invalid · 2/2 property · 1/1 cross-interface · 1/1 CVP contract · Manifest
Sources
  • IEC 60050 — IEV — Wheatstone bridge
  • Horowitz & Hill — The Art of Electronics — Bridge circuits
Sources
Evidence
2 legacy golden · 2 legacy boundary · legacy regression suite · 2/2 oracle-backed golden · 2/2 invalid · Artifact integrity PASS · CalculatorX electrical review
This calculator CURRENT · Public schema 1.0.0 matches · Semantic contract ✓ · Production attested · Public/cache ✓ · Origin ✓
Semantic contract
PASS
Full verification

Manifest identity, reference classes, interfaces, suite, and production records.

Formulas

Core equations used by this calculator.

OutputVout = Vin · (R3/(R1+R3) − R4/(R2+R4))
BalanceR1/R3 = R2/R4
iIdeal resistors; unloaded midpoints. Not a full instrumentation-amp model.

How to use

1

Enter excitation voltage Vin

Vin must be greater than zero.

2

Enter the four arm resistances

R1–R4 each > 0. Bridge balance when R1/R3 = R2/R4.

3

Read differential output Vout

Vout = Vin · (R3/(R1+R3) − R4/(R2+R4)).

Example calculations

Common configurations with formula and result.

ϟ

Balanced

All 1 kΩ · Vin=10 V

ratios equal
Vout = 0 V
ϟ

Unbalanced R4

R4=1.1 kΩ

Vout ≠ 0
Vout ≈ -0.2381 V

Wheatstone Bridge calculator specification

Version 1.0.0 · Engine tested · Supplemental domain review · Internal · 2026-08-08

Calculation status

Review policy · Evidence · Reviewed by CalculatorX electrical review (electrical-engineer)

Definition
A Wheatstone bridge has two voltage dividers. Vout = Vin·(R3/(R1+R3) − R4/(R2+R4)). Balance when R1/R3 = R2/R4.
What it calculates
Wheatstone bridge Vout, node voltages, and balance flag.
Inputs
  • Vin, R1, R2, R3, R4 — each > 0
Outputs
  • Vout
  • Va
  • Vb
  • balanced
  • ratio_left
  • ratio_right
Formula
Vout = Vin·(R3/(R1+R3) − R4/(R2+R4))
Assumptions
  • Ideal unloaded bridge
Units
  • V, Ω
Boundary conditions
  • Missing/≤0 → MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT / VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
Example
All 1 kΩ · 10 V → Vout=0
Validation cases

2 published on this page · 6/6 tests · Production surface contract 4/4 · View evidence

  • balanced 1k → Vout=0, balanced=true
  • R4=1100 → Vout≈-0.238095
Sources
  • IEC 60050 — IEV — Wheatstone bridge
    Supports: Four-arm bridge topology
  • Horowitz & Hill — The Art of Electronics — Bridge circuits
    Supports: Divider difference form
Last reviewed
2026-08-08
Reviewed by
CalculatorX electrical review (electrical-engineer)
Calculation version
1.0.0

Background

Interpretation and common distinctions.

Compute Wheatstone bridge output and balance.

Default: all 1 kΩ · 10 V → Vout = 0 V (balanced).

Supported and not supported

Supported — Ideal four-arm bridge Vout / balance · API electrical.wheatstone

Not supported — Loaded midpoints, gauge factor / strain conversion, instrumentation amp gain

Agent / API notes

Capability id: electrical.wheatstone · tool id: wheatstone-bridge · pin 1.0.0.

Errors: MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT, INVALID_NUMBER, VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE.

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Frequently asked questions

Key distinctions behind the calculation.

When is the bridge balanced?

When R1/R3 = R2/R4, the midpoints are equal and Vout = 0.

What if a resistor is zero or missing?

The API returns VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE or MISSING_REQUIRED_INPUT.