{
  "capability_id": "electrical.watts_to_kva",
  "tool_id": "watts-to-kva",
  "engine": "scale-quotient",
  "calculation_version": "1.3.1",
  "generated_at": "2026-09-16T22:03:43.707Z",
  "engine_build": "2026-09-15",
  "test_count": 11,
  "passed": 11,
  "failed": 0,
  "tests_summary": {
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      "passed": 11
    },
    "boundary": {
      "total": 0,
      "passed": 0
    },
    "property": {
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  "engine_tested": true,
  "expert_reviewed": false,
  "internally_reviewed": false,
  "review_kind": null,
  "source_checked": true,
  "reviewed_by": null,
  "reviewer_role": null,
  "last_reviewed": null,
  "expert_review": {
    "status": "optional_not_performed",
    "reviewer": null,
    "scope": [
      "formula",
      "input semantics",
      "assumptions",
      "limitations",
      "sources",
      "tests"
    ],
    "note": "Domain expert review is optional under CVP (CVP-EXP-01). Absence does not block CVP Verified. See Review policy for supplemental domain assurance."
  },
  "internal_review": {
    "status": "not_applicable",
    "reviewer": null
  },
  "page": "https://www.calculatorx.com/calc/electric/watts-to-kva",
  "api": "https://www.calculatorx.com/api/v1/calc/watts-to-kva",
  "schema_input": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.watts_to_kva.input.json",
  "schema_output": "https://www.calculatorx.com/schemas/electrical.watts_to_kva.output.json",
  "assumptions": [
    "PF between 0 and 1 (runtime treats missing/zero PF carefully on quotient)",
    "No voltage/phase required"
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "PF ∈ (0,1] hard",
    "No voltage/phase required",
    "Shares the scale-quotient helper with kWh→W; contracts are distinct (PF vs time)"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "PF (field b) = 0 on Watts→kVA (scale-quotient) yields 0 kVA — soft boundary",
    "Zero watts yields 0 kVA",
    "factor = 0.001 for W→kVA; reverse uses scale-product with factor 1000",
    "Engine does not hard-reject PF outside (0,1]; document PF ∈ (0,1] for physical use"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary",
      "section": "Apparent power (IEV 131-11-41)",
      "url": "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41",
      "supports": "kVA is apparent power S; distinct from active power P (W); unit volt-ampere (VA) at 10³ scale",
      "kind": "standard",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "clause": "IEV 131-11-41"
    },
    {
      "title": "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary",
      "section": "Power factor (IEV 131-11-46)",
      "url": "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46",
      "supports": "λ = |P| / S; S(kVA) = P(W) / (1000 × λ) and P = S × 1000 × λ",
      "kind": "standard",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "clause": "IEV 131-11-46"
    },
    {
      "title": "IEEE Std 1459-2025",
      "section": "Apparent power from real power and power factor",
      "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1459/7578/",
      "supports": "S(kVA) = P(W) / (1000 × PF); P = S × 1000 × PF",
      "kind": "standard",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "publisher": "IEEE",
      "published": "2025-05-16",
      "errata_checked": true
    },
    {
      "title": "BIPM SI Brochure (9th edition, version 4.01)",
      "section": "SI units for watt and volt-ampere",
      "url": "https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure",
      "supports": "1 kVA = 1000 VA scaling in W↔kVA conversion",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "published": "2026-06",
      "doi": "https://doi.org/10.59161/AUEZ1291"
    },
    {
      "title": "NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811)",
      "section": "Watt and related power units",
      "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811",
      "supports": "1 kVA = 1000 VA scaling in W↔kVA conversion",
      "kind": "reference"
    }
  ],
  "methods": [],
  "fingerprint": "sha256:38f332eb2dd6c8c1aa80f1b0ee0278953a64a6994fb9eb887474b66a49e145a5",
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      "expect": 2.5,
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      "tol": 0.001
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    {
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      "kind": "golden",
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        "a": 5000,
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      "tol": 0.01
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        "factor": 1000
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      "expect": 2000,
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      "tol": 0.1,
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    {
      "id": "linear-2x-w",
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      "kind": "golden",
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        "a": 4000,
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        "factor": 0.001
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      "expect": 5,
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      "id": "inverse-half-pf",
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      },
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      "tol": 1e-12
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