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    "Power is the average over the stated period",
    "Time is expressed in hours"
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    "Average power over the interval — not instantaneous peak",
    "Time must be in hours",
    "Shares the scale-quotient helper with W→kVA; contracts are distinct (time vs PF)"
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    "Zero energy → 0 W",
    "W→kWh (scale-product, factor 0.001): zero power or time → 0 kWh",
    "Result is average power over the interval, not instantaneous peak",
    "Same relation as kWh↔kW scaled by 1000 (1 kW = 1000 W)"
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    {
      "title": "Energy–power identity",
      "section": "E = P × t; W = 1000 × kWh / h",
      "supports": "P(W) = 1000·E(kWh)/t; E = P·t/1000",
      "kind": "definition"
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    {
      "title": "NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811)",
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      "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811",
      "supports": "1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; 1 kW = 1000 W scaling",
      "kind": "reference"
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    {
      "title": "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary",
      "section": "Active power (IEV 131-11-42)",
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      "title": "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary",
      "section": "Watt hour (IEV 131-11-58)",
      "url": "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-58",
      "supports": "1 Wh ≔ 3600 J; kWh is the common multiple for billing / energy meters",
      "kind": "standard",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "clause": "IEV 131-11-58"
    },
    {
      "title": "BIPM SI Brochure (9th edition, version 4.01)",
      "section": "Watt, joule, and hour",
      "url": "https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure",
      "supports": "P = E/t; 1 kW = 1000 W; 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "published": "2026-06",
      "doi": "https://doi.org/10.59161/AUEZ1291"
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