Public evidence

electrical.battery.aging

Machine-checked verification for calculation version 1.0.2 · tier expert_verified

Open calculator API Capability Download JSON CVP Manifest MCP Review policy

CVP: CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance· Empirical linear model — not chemistry-specific calendar/cycle physics · Protocol · Schema · Production report

Declared partition coverage: PASS · 4/4 declared partitions (cycle-calendar, cycle-dominant, zero-aging, invalid-domain)
Versions: Calculation 1.0.2 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed
CVP identity: 5/5 property · digest a53cfab6ba6b

Verification

Legacy regression suite: 14/14 calculation tests · Production surface contract 4/4

Three distinct suites: educational examples on the calculator page, this legacy regression count (14/14 golden + boundary), and the CVP verification suite below. They are not the same number. Property, metamorphic, round-trip, O3, and interface statuses/checks are recorded in the CVP Manifest . SKIP (0/0) means that suite has no published vectors.

This calculator CURRENT · Public schema 1.0.2 matches · Semantic contract ✓ · Production attested · Public/cache ✓ · Origin ✓

CVP verification suite

Protocol checks from the Evidence Manifest. Distinct from the legacy regression suite above. Calculation version 1.0.2. CVP 1.0.0-proposed. 3/3 golden · 6/6 CVP boundary · 5/5 invalid · 5/5 property · 1/1 cross-interface · 1/1 CVP contract. digest a53cfab6ba6b.

Golden (oracle-backed) 3 / 3
CVP boundary 6 / 6
Invalid input 5 / 5
Property 5 / 5
Cross-interface 1 / 1
CVP contract 1 / 1
Interfaces PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP
Interface claim ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session.
Assurance Engineering

release artifacts aligned PASS
schema valid input executes PASS
engine success output validates schema PASS
schema rejects incomplete input PASS

Fingerprint sha256:665eac2d2a81eb2215b2a1834aa96235cda400f92218f4362d905e8536c25471

Input schema sha256:530a01f1f22d5c7d69bfd54543b215b1d53999fc6d19102e02a920f8be4f32cb · Output schema sha256:e003d668697e01cb9d53db19b3bff48e2afe6529c26da8af007393f2acc076ff · Build-time SHA-256 digests prove published artifacts agree with each other (release_integrity.scope=workspace). Production attestation GETs canonical URLs twice (public/cached view and origin), including Capability HTML, via npm run attest:production --write (published at /.well-known/calculatorx-production-attestation.json) and fails if the public Capability page advertises a different calculation_version. This is artifact consistency, not an independent immutable release log.

Build & scope

Engine identity and declared limitations.

Tool: battery-aging
Engine: battery-aging
Engine build: 2026-09-10
Evidence core: 2026-09-05T10:20:02.590Z
Rendered: 2026-09-16T22:03:43.746Z
Last reviewed: 2026-09-05

Assumptions

Independent linear cycle + calendar fade
Default k_cycle=0.0002/cycle and k_cal=0.02/year are illustrative
N should match the cycle definition used to calibrate k_cycle; EFC recommended
Not temperature, SOC, DoD, C-rate, or chemistry aware

Limitations

Linear independent cycle+calendar fade — not temperature, SOC, DoD, C-rate, or chemistry aware
Default k_cycle=0.0002/cycle and k_cal=0.02/year are illustrative
fade_frac is unclamped exposure and may exceed 1; SOH and capacity_Ah are clamped at 0

Sources

Standards and references supporting this tool specification. Methods are listed separately — they are algorithms, not bibliographic sources.

Smith, K.; Neubauer, J.; Wood, E.; Jun, M.; Pesaran, A. — Models for Battery Reliability and Lifetime: Applications in Design and Health Management — NREL/PR-5400-58550 · 2013
Supports: Institutional evidence that battery lifetime models combine cycle and calendar degradation, with coefficients that depend on temperature, DOD, voltage/SOC, and other stress factors — not a single universal linear law. CalculatorX uses a deliberately simplified linear approximation, not the NREL life model. (Distinct from NREL/CP-5400-57746, which has a different author list.)
Saldaña, G.; San Martín, J. I.; Zamora, I.; Asensio, F. J.; Oñederra, O.; González-Pérez, M. — Empirical calendar ageing model for electric vehicles and energy storage systems batteries — Calendar fade vs storage time, temperature, and SOC · 2022 · DOI
Supports: Shows calendar ageing is commonly modeled with a power of time (often near t^1/2) and is strongly sensitive to storage temperature and SOC. Documents why CalculatorX linear-in-years k_cal is an illustrative first-order stand-in, not the complete empirical model.
NREL — Battery lifespan modeling (BLAST / life-model overview) — Calendar and cycle aging, operating windows, and stress factors
Supports: Public institutional overview that lifetime prediction must consider temperature, operating windows, charge/discharge rates, storage environment, and cycling patterns. Used here to bound the scope of the linear model — not as a coefficient source.

Legacy published checks

Golden and boundary cases from the legacy Evidence JSON. CVP property, metamorphic, round-trip, O3, and interface statuses/checks are recorded in the Manifest — including SKIP when a suite has no vectors.

ID	Kind	Status	Detail
`golden-default`	golden	pass	Expected capacity_Ah=2.64 · SOH=0.88 · Actual mode=linear_fade · C0_Ah=3 · N_cycles=500 · years=1 · k_cycle=0.0002 · k_cal=0.02 · fade_frac=0.12000000000000001 · SOH=0.88
`zero-aging`	golden	pass	Expected capacity_Ah=3 · SOH=1 · Actual mode=linear_fade · C0_Ah=3 · N_cycles=0 · years=0 · k_cycle=0.0002 · k_cal=0.02 · fade_frac=0 · SOH=1
`custom-coefficients`	golden	pass	Expected capacity_Ah=2.82 · SOH=0.94 · Actual mode=linear_fade · C0_Ah=3 · N_cycles=500 · years=1 · k_cycle=0.0001 · k_cal=0.01 · fade_frac=0.060000000000000005 · SOH=0.94
`bad-C0`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
`negative-cycles`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE
`negative-years`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE
`negative-k-cycle`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE
`negative-k-calendar`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE
`boundary-clamp-zero`	boundary	pass	Expected capacity_Ah=0 · SOH=0 · Actual mode=linear_fade · C0_Ah=3 · N_cycles=10000 · years=0 · k_cycle=0.0002 · k_cal=0.02 · fade_frac=2 · SOH=0
`property-capacity-bounded`	property	pass	0 ≤ C ≤ C0 and 0 ≤ SOH ≤ 1
`property-cycle-monotonic`	property	pass	N2>N1 ⇒ C(N2)≤C(N1)
`property-calendar-monotonic`	property	pass	t2>t1 ⇒ C(t2)≤C(t1)
`property-output-identity`	property	pass	fade_frac=kN+kt; SOH=max(0,1−fade); C=C0·SOH
`property-default-equivalence`	property	pass	omit k ≡ explicit k_cycle=0.0002, k_cal=0.02 (numeric)