Public evidence

electrical.ac_dc_rectifier

Machine-checked verification for calculation version 1.1.2 · tier internally_reviewed

Open calculator API Capability Download JSON CVP Manifest MCP Review policy

CVP: CVP VERIFIED · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed · Engineering assurance· Ideal diodes; continuous-discharge Cap model when I+C given · Protocol · Schema · Production report

Declared partition coverage: PASS · 3/3 declared partitions (waveform, smoothed, invalid-domain)
Versions: Calculation 1.1.2 · CVP protocol 1.0.0-proposed
CVP identity: 16/16 property · digest 5a857ec1e482

Verification

Legacy regression suite: 27/27 calculation tests · Production surface contract 4/4

Three distinct suites: educational examples on the calculator page, this legacy regression count (27/27 golden + boundary), and the CVP verification suite below. They are not the same number. Property, metamorphic, round-trip, O3, and interface statuses/checks are recorded in the CVP Manifest . SKIP (0/0) means that suite has no published vectors.

This calculator CURRENT · Public schema 1.1.2 matches · Semantic contract ✓ · Production attested · Public/cache ✓ · Origin ✓

CVP verification suite

Protocol checks from the Evidence Manifest. Distinct from the legacy regression suite above. Calculation version 1.1.2. CVP 1.0.0-proposed. 3/3 golden · 8/8 CVP boundary · 7/7 invalid · 16/16 property · 1/1 cross-interface · 1/1 CVP contract. digest 5a857ec1e482.

Golden (oracle-backed) 3 / 3
CVP boundary 8 / 8
Invalid input 7 / 7
Property 16 / 16
Cross-interface 1 / 1
CVP contract 1 / 1
Interfaces PASS · UI (SSR) / REST / MCP
Interface claim ui-ssr is query-result HTML, not a live browser session.
Assurance Engineering

release artifacts aligned PASS
schema valid input executes PASS
engine success output validates schema PASS
schema rejects incomplete input PASS

Fingerprint sha256:d76b8885f1e5c5a6fc2e79ba140b081e8ea7dd2d25e06c09c76b237629a80f1a

Input schema sha256:cf5bdc0117b7efd2fa3ef4654762c36013049847ebd797a361b0b75d8b18db98 · Output schema sha256:282b736029074bb7ae43782ae5d06564f04ada7bb02d2f5efa7ea9e4d38c7d4d · Build-time SHA-256 digests prove published artifacts agree with each other (release_integrity.scope=workspace). Production attestation GETs canonical URLs twice (public/cached view and origin), including Capability HTML, via npm run attest:production --write (published at /.well-known/calculatorx-production-attestation.json) and fails if the public Capability page advertises a different calculation_version. This is artifact consistency, not an independent immutable release log.

Build & scope

Engine identity and declared limitations.

Tool: ac-dc-rectifier
Engine: ac-dc-rectifier
Engine build: 2026-09-10
Evidence core: 2026-09-05T02:35:39.217Z
Rendered: 2026-09-16T22:03:43.727Z
Last reviewed: 2026-08-18

Assumptions

Ideal diodes (zero forward drop; no reverse recovery)
Rectified-waveform model: no reservoir capacitor; Vavg is the pulsed-sine average
Capacitor-smoothed model: constant-current discharge; Vdc_est ≈ Vpeak − ΔV/2
Continuous-conduction ripple approximation ΔV ≈ I/(f_ripple·C)
If ΔV ≥ Vpeak, Vdc_est and Vmin are withheld; only raw_model_extrapolation keeps the arithmetic

Limitations

Ideal diodes (0 V drop); not SCR/thyristor or active PFC
Vavg is the unfiltered rectified-sine average, not capacitor-smoothed DC bus voltage
Capacitor model uses continuous-discharge ΔV≈I/(f_ripple·C); when ΔV≥Vpeak, Vdc_est and Vmin are withheld (model_validity.valid=false)

Sources

Standards and references supporting this tool specification. Methods are listed separately — they are algorithms, not bibliographic sources.

Texas Instruments — A Design Review of a Full-Featured 350-W Offline Power Supply (TIDU186) — Figure 4 — ideal bridge / half-wave average and RMS
Supports: Vavg_full=2Vp/π; Vavg_half=Vp/π; Vrms_full=Vac; Vrms_half=Vac/√2
Analog Devices — Diode Applications, Rectifier Output Smoothing — Capacitor-input filter / reservoir capacitor
Supports: ΔV≈I/(f_ripple·C); full-wave ripple frequency is 2·f_line
IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Electronic power conversion (IEV 551-11-02)
Supports: Change of voltage/frequency characteristics (including zero frequency / DC) by electronic valve devices — terminology only, not the Vavg/ripple formulas
IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary — Semiconductor diode (IEV 521-04-03)
Supports: Two-terminal semiconductor device with asymmetrical V–I characteristic (ideal-diode model on this page ignores forward drop)

Legacy published checks

Golden and boundary cases from the legacy Evidence JSON. CVP property, metamorphic, round-trip, O3, and interface statuses/checks are recorded in the Manifest — including SKIP when a suite has no vectors.

ID	Kind	Status	Detail
`full-230`	golden	pass	Expected circuit_model=rectified_waveform · Vpeak=325.2691193458119 · Vavg=207.0727527161344 · Vrms_out=230 · f_ripple_Hz=100 · Actual mode=full · circuit_model=rectified_waveform · Vac_rms=230 · Vpeak=325.2691193458119 · Vavg=207.0727527161344 · Vrms_out=230 · f_line_Hz=50 · f_ripple_Hz=100
`half-230`	golden	pass	Expected circuit_model=rectified_waveform · Vavg=103.5363763580672 · Vrms_out=162.63455967290594 · f_ripple_Hz=50 · Actual mode=half · circuit_model=rectified_waveform · Vac_rms=230 · Vpeak=325.2691193458119 · Vavg=103.5363763580672 · Vrms_out=162.63455967290594 · f_line_Hz=50 · f_ripple_Hz=50
`ripple`	golden	pass	Expected circuit_model=capacitor_smoothed · ripple_Vpp=5 · Vdc_est=14.470562748477143 · Vmin=11.970562748477143 · Vmax=16.970562748477143 · Actual mode=full · circuit_model=capacitor_smoothed · Vac_rms=12 · Vpeak=16.970562748477143 · Vavg=10.803795793885275 · Vrms_out=12 · f_line_Hz=50 · f_ripple_Hz=100
`bad-vac`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
`boundary-neg-vac`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
`boundary-i-without-c`	boundary	pass	Expected NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS · Actual NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS
`boundary-c-without-i`	boundary	pass	Expected NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS · Actual NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS
`boundary-bad-c`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
`boundary-bad-f`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
`boundary-neg-i`	boundary	pass	Expected VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE · Actual VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE
`boundary-ripple-exceeds-peak`	boundary	pass	warning RIPPLE_EXCEEDS_PEAK
`property-avg-full-twice-half`	property	pass	Vavg_full = 2 × Vavg_half
`property-vpeak-mode-independent`	property	pass	Vpeak = √2 × Vac
`property-full-vrms-equals-vac`	property	pass	full-wave Vrms_out = Vac
`property-half-vrms-vac-over-sqrt2`	property	pass	half-wave Vrms_out = Vac/√2
`property-full-friple-2fline`	property	pass	full-wave f_ripple = 2 × f_line
`property-half-friple-fline`	property	pass	half-wave f_ripple = f_line
`property-scale-vac`	property	pass	Vac × 2 → Vpeak / Vavg / Vrms × 2
`property-c-double-halves-ripple`	property	pass	C × 2 → ripple ÷ 2
`property-i-double-doubles-ripple`	property	pass	I × 2 → ripple × 2
`property-f-double-halves-ripple`	property	pass	f × 2 → ripple ÷ 2
`property-models-differ`	property	pass	Vdc_est ≠ unfiltered Vavg
`property-vdc-midpoint`	property	pass	Vdc_est = (Vmax+Vmin)/2 = Vpeak − ΔV/2
`property-ripple-warning`	property	pass	tiny C → RIPPLE_EXCEEDS_PEAK
`property-invalid-estimate-gated`	property	pass	ΔV≥Vpeak → Vdc_est/Vmin null; raw extrapolation only
`property-reject-vac-le0`	property	pass	Vac≤0 rejected
`property-reject-partial-cap`	property	pass	I xor C → NEEDS_TWO_INPUTS